ABSTRACT
Background: Previous studies regarding the effect of obesity on cardiac sympathetic-parasympathetic balance in adolescents remain unclear.Objectives: To examine the cardiac autonomic activity (CAA) in adolescent obesity using spectral heart rate variability (HRV).Methods: A body mass index (BMI) greater than 95th and more than 5th but less than 85th percentile according to age and sex were accepted as obesity and normal weight, respectively. None of the subjects had clinical evidence of cardiopulmonary disease. Low frequency (LF) (0.04-0.15 Hz) and high frequency (HF) (0.15-0.4 Hz) spectral powers, LF and HF in normalized units (n.u.), and the ratio of LF to HF were used as the conventional indices of HRV to measure CAA. HRV (all as mean+SD) (median) was measured for 5 minutes in the supine position after 10 minutes of rest in the same position. The subjects were 23 obese adolescents (9 male), aged 12 to 17 years, and 24 normal-weight peers (6 male).Results: The averaged values of the BMI of obese and healthy subjects were 33.9+5.0 kg/m2 (median 33.0) and 20.5+1.6 kg/m2 (median 20.3) (p
ABSTRACT
Adolescent obesity has increasingly become a major health problem in many Asian countries, including Thailand. Obesity is associated with many metabolic disorders and cardiovascular complications. Insulin resistance is a key component of the metabolic syndrome, and its prevalence in Thai pediatric population is increasing, particularly among obese children and adolescents. Several factors are implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity-related insulin resistance. Currently, valid and reliable methods are essential to assess the presence and the extent of insulin resistance, the associated risk factors and the effect of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. This review focuses on obesity-related insulin resistance in obese adolescents and its associated complications. The development of preventive programs involving dietetic food, exercise and/or early medical treatment in children and adolescents with overt overweight and obesity appears to be essential to improve vascular function and reduce associated complications.Key words: Adolescent, cytokines, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, obesity